AMINOBUTYRIC ACIDS Meaning and
Definition
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Aminobutyric acids, also known as gamma-aminobutyric acids or GABA, are a group of amino acids that act as neurotransmitters in the central nervous system of animals. They are found throughout the brain and spinal cord, where they play a crucial role in regulating brain activity by inhibiting certain neuron signals.
GABA is the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain, meaning it works to counteract the excitatory signals transmitted by other neurotransmitters like glutamate. It binds to GABA receptors on the surface of neurons, opening ion channels that allow negatively charged chloride ions to flow into the cell. This influx of chloride ions hyperpolarizes the neuron, making it more difficult for excitatory signals to cause an action potential and inhibiting the transmission of nerve impulses.
By maintaining a balance between excitatory and inhibitory signals, GABA helps regulate brain functions such as anxiety, stress, and sleep. It also plays a role in motor control and muscle tone. Dysfunctions in GABA neurotransmission have been implicated in several neurological disorders, including epilepsy, insomnia, and anxiety disorders.
Aminobutyric acids can be synthesized in the body from the amino acid glutamate through the action of the enzyme glutamate decarboxylase. They can also be obtained from dietary sources, such as fermented foods and certain plants. Some medications that stimulate GABA receptors are used as sedatives and anticonvulsants, while others that inhibit GABA activity can be used as muscle relaxants or anxiolytics.
Common Misspellings for AMINOBUTYRIC ACIDS
- zminobutyric acids
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- amjnobutyric acids
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- am9nobutyric acids
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- amijobutyric acids
- amihobutyric acids
- aminibutyric acids
- aminkbutyric acids
- aminlbutyric acids
Etymology of AMINOBUTYRIC ACIDS
The word "aminobutyric" is derived from two components: "amino" and "butyric acid".
The term "amino" comes from the Latin word "ammonia", which refers to the basic chemical compound composed of nitrogen and hydrogen. In modern usage, "amino" is used to indicate the presence of an amine group (-NH2).
The term "butyric acid" is derived from "butyrum", a Latin word meaning butter. It is a short-chain fatty acid with four carbon atoms (C4). "Butyric acid" refers to the compound's chemical structure and its original source, which is present in rancid butter.
When combined, "aminobutyric" refers to a compound that contains both an amine group and a butyric acid structure.
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