Alveolar bone losses, also known as alveolar bone resorption, refers to the progressive and irreversible loss of the alveolar bone that surrounds and supports the teeth. The alveolar bone is a specialized part of the jawbone that provides a foundation for the teeth by holding them in their proper positions within the oral cavity.
Alveolar bone loss commonly occurs as a result of periodontal (gum) disease, which is a chronic inflammatory condition caused by the buildup of bacterial plaque on the teeth and gums. As the plaque accumulates, it releases harmful toxins that initiate an immune response, leading to inflammation and destruction of the surrounding tissues, including the alveolar bone.
This loss of alveolar bone can have detrimental effects on oral health, as it weakens the support system for the teeth. Without adequate bone support, the teeth can become loose, shift out of alignment, or eventually may need to be extracted.
In addition to periodontal disease, other factors that can contribute to alveolar bone losses include tooth loss, trauma, hormonal changes, certain medications, and underlying systemic conditions such as osteoporosis.
Early signs of alveolar bone loss may include receding gums, deepening of spaces between the teeth, and the formation of periodontal pockets. Diagnosis of alveolar bone loss is typically made by a dental professional through a thorough examination, including dental X-rays.
Treatment options for alveolar bone loss focus on addressing the underlying cause, such as periodontal therapy to control gum disease, tooth extraction if necessary, bone grafting to stimulate new bone growth, and ultimately, restoration of tooth support and function.
