Alnus rubra, commonly known as red alder, is a deciduous tree that belongs to the birch family, Betulaceae. It is native to western North America and can be found from southern Alaska to northern California. The term "Alnus rubra" is derived from the Latin words "Alnus," which means alder, and "rubra," which means red, referencing the tree's distinctive reddish hue.
Red alder typically grows to be a medium-sized tree, reaching heights ranging from 70 to 100 feet (21 to 30 meters) with a trunk diameter of 2 to 3 feet (0.6 to 0.9 meters). It is well-known for its rapid growth and ability to colonize disturbed areas. The bark of mature trees is smooth and gray, often developing shallow fissures as it ages.
The leaves of Alnus rubra are alternate, simple, and elliptical in shape, featuring serrated margins and a pointed tip. They are glossy green on the upper surface and paler underneath, with a slightly hairy texture. The species is unique in its ability to fix nitrogen through symbiotic relationships with specific bacteria, making it a valuable component of forest ecosystems.
Red alder is also recognized for its high ecological value due to the important role it plays in streamside restoration and in providing habitat for various wildlife species. It is often harvested for its durable wood, which is light in color, easy to work with, and used in various applications, such as furniture, cabinetry, and veneers. Additionally, the bark and leaves of red alder have been used for medicinal purposes by indigenous peoples, who recognized its healing properties for various ailments.
