Alnus orientalis, also known as the Oriental alder or Anatolian black alder, is a deciduous tree species belonging to the family Betulaceae. It is native to the regions of Anatolia, Turkey, and the Caucasus, and can also be found in parts of Iran and Iraq.
The Oriental alder is a medium-sized tree that can reach heights of up to 25 meters. It has a straight trunk, covered in a grayish-black bark with furrows and ridges. The leaves are alternate, simple, and ovate in shape, with serrated margins. They are dark green in color and have a glossy appearance. During autumn, the foliage turns a vibrant yellow color before eventually falling off.
One of the distinguishing features of Alnus orientalis is its cone-like fruiting structure known as a "strobile." The strobiles are small, rounded, and contain numerous seeds which are dispersed by wind or water.
This tree species typically thrives in moist and wet environments, such as riverbanks, wetlands, and along stream edges. It is known to have a high tolerance for waterlogged soil and is often planted for erosion control and land reclamation projects.
Alnus orientalis also has ecological significance, as it forms symbiotic relationships with nitrogen-fixing bacteria in its root nodules, thereby enhancing soil fertility.
Furthermore, the wood of the Oriental alder is valued for its durability, making it suitable for various purposes, including construction, furniture, and fuelwood.
In summary, Alnus orientalis is a deciduous tree native to Anatolia, Turkey, and surrounding regions. It is characterized by its medium size, dark grayish-black bark, ovate leaves, cone-like fruiting structure, and preference for
