Adult onset diabetes mellitus, also known as type 2 diabetes or non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high levels of sugar (glucose) in the blood. This condition typically occurs in adulthood, although it can also develop in children and adolescents. Unlike type 1 diabetes, which is an autoimmune disease involving the destruction of insulin-producing cells in the pancreas, adult onset diabetes is mainly caused by factors such as obesity, sedentary lifestyle, genetic predisposition, and insulin resistance.
In adult onset diabetes, the body either does not produce enough insulin or becomes resistant to its effects, leading to elevated blood glucose levels. Insulin is a hormone that helps regulate blood sugar by facilitating the uptake of glucose from the bloodstream into cells for energy production. Consequently, individuals with this condition may experience symptoms like frequent urination, excessive thirst, unexplained weight loss, fatigue, and blurred vision.
Adult onset diabetes is often managed through lifestyle modifications such as adopting a healthy diet, engaging in regular physical activity, maintaining a healthy weight, and monitoring blood glucose levels. Additionally, medications, such as oral hypoglycemic drugs or insulin injections, may be required to help regulate blood sugar levels.
If left untreated or poorly managed, adult onset diabetes can lead to various complications including cardiovascular disease, kidney damage, nerve damage, and vision problems. Therefore, regular monitoring of blood glucose levels, diligent self-care, and consistent medical follow-up are crucial for individuals with adult onset diabetes mellitus.
