Adrenarche (/əˈdriːnɑːrk/) refers to the physiological phenomenon marking the rise of adrenal androgen production in humans. The word is composed of two parts: adren, which refers to the adrenal gland, and arche, which means "beginning". The pronunciation begins with a schwa sound (ə) followed by stress on the "dr" sound. Then, the "a" sound is pronounced before stress is put on the "nɑːrk" sound. The word's spelling is derived from etymology and is typical of scientific terminology.
Adrenarche is a physiological process that refers to the onset of adrenal gland activity and the subsequent increase in the secretion of adrenal androgens during childhood. It marks the initial stage of sexual maturation and occurs between the ages of 6 and 8 in both boys and girls, preceding the more well-known process of puberty.
During adrenarche, the adrenal glands, which are located on top of the kidneys, begin to produce androgens such as dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and its sulfate form (DHEAS). These substances are precursors to the production of sex hormones like testosterone and estrogen.
The increased secretion of adrenal androgens during adrenarche leads to various physical changes in children. This includes the development of pubic and axillary hair, acceleration in growth rate, an increase in sebum production resulting in oily skin, and the appearance of body odor. Although these changes may be associated with the onset of puberty, adrenarche is considered distinct from it.
While the exact triggers of adrenarche are not fully understood, it is believed to be influenced by a combination of genetic factors and hormonal interactions. The adrenarche process is thought to play a role in the development of secondary sexual characteristics and the maturation of certain brain functions.
In summary, adrenarche refers to the initial stages of adrenal gland activity and increased secretion of adrenal androgens during childhood, leading to physical changes. It is an important milestone in sexual development, preceding full puberty.
The word "adrenarche" derives from the combination of two Greek words, "adreno" and "arche".
The first part, "adreno", comes from the Greek word "adren", which means "gland" or "unto the kidneys". It is a reference to the adrenal glands, which are small, triangular-shaped glands located on top of each kidney.
The second part, "arche", means "beginning" or "to begin" in Greek.
Therefore, "adrenarche" refers to the beginning or onset of adrenal gland activity, particularly the maturation and increased hormonal secretion from the adrenal glands during childhood and adolescence.