Adrenal gland cancer, also known as adrenocortical carcinoma, refers to a rare and aggressive type of cancer that forms in the cells of the outer layer of the adrenal glands. These glands, which are situated on top of the kidneys, are responsible for producing hormones that regulate various bodily functions, including metabolism, blood pressure, and stress response.
Adrenal gland cancer occurs when abnormal cells in the adrenal cortex, the outer layer of the adrenal glands, multiply and form tumors. These tumors often develop in one adrenal gland, but in some cases, they may affect both glands. Adrenal gland cancer is considered a rare condition, with only a few hundred cases diagnosed each year globally.
Symptoms of adrenal gland cancer may include abdominal pain or discomfort, unexplained weight loss, excessive fatigue, high blood pressure, irregular menstrual periods in women, or the development of masculine features in both men and women. However, it is important to note that these symptoms can also be indicative of various other conditions, and their presence does not necessarily confirm the presence of adrenal gland cancer.
The exact causes of adrenal gland cancer are not well understood, but certain risk factors have been identified, including a genetic predisposition, certain hereditary disorders such as Li-Fraumeni syndrome, and previous radiation therapy. Diagnosis typically involves various imaging tests, such as CT scans and MRI, along with a biopsy of the tumor for further analysis.
Treatment options for adrenal gland cancer may include surgery to remove the affected adrenal gland, as well as nearby lymph nodes and surrounding tissues, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or a combination of these approaches. The prognosis for adrenal gland cancer largely depends on the stage at diagnosis, with early detection and intervention significantly improving the chances of successful treatment and long-term survival.
