The acute phase response is a physiological reaction that occurs in the body as an immediate response to tissue injury, infection, or inflammation. It is characterized by the release of various molecules, including acute-phase proteins, into the bloodstream. This response is a crucial part of the body's defense mechanism and aims to contain and eliminate the source of injury or infection, as well as initiate the healing process.
During the acute phase response, the liver plays a central role in producing acute-phase proteins such as C-reactive protein (CRP), fibrinogen, and serum amyloid A (SAA). These proteins help to regulate the inflammatory process, prevent the spread of infection, aid in tissue repair, and modulate the immune response. Additionally, other blood cells, such as neutrophils and macrophages, are activated to engulf and destroy foreign substances or pathogens.
The acute phase response is also associated with various systemic effects in the body, including fever, increased heart rate, decreased appetite, and changes in metabolic processes. These responses contribute to the overall defense mechanism and mobilize resources to combat the injury or infection.
The acute phase response can be triggered by a wide range of stimuli, including microbial infections, tissue damage, burns, surgery, and autoimmune diseases. Monitoring acute-phase proteins, such as CRP, in the bloodstream is often used as a diagnostic tool to assess the presence and severity of inflammatory conditions.
In summary, the acute phase response is a rapid and coordinated reaction by the body to injury or infection, involving the release of acute-phase proteins and activation of immune cells to contain and neutralize the source of inflammation.
