Acute Necrotizing Pyelonephritis (ANP) is a condition that primarily affects the kidneys and is characterized by rapid inflammation and the death of kidney tissue. Pyelonephritis refers to a bacterial infection that has spread from the lower urinary tract, such as the bladder, to the kidneys.
ANP typically occurs due to the presence of bacteria, most commonly Escherichia coli, in the urinary tract. These bacteria ascend from the lower urinary tract into the kidneys, leading to an infection. The infection causes inflammation in the renal parenchyma, the functional tissue of the kidneys, and subsequently results in necrosis, or tissue death.
Symptoms of ANP include severe back or abdominal pain, high fever, chills, frequent and urgent urination, blood in the urine, and fatigue. Patients may also experience nausea, vomiting, and confusion in severe cases. This condition is considered a medical emergency, as it can lead to sepsis, a life-threatening systemic infection.
Diagnosis of ANP involves a comprehensive assessment of the patient's symptoms, physical examination, and laboratory tests including urinalysis, blood tests, and imaging studies like ultrasound, CT scan, or MRI. Treatment typically involves hospitalization to provide intravenous antibiotics, pain relief, and appropriate fluid management. In severe cases, drainage of any abscesses or surgical removal of the affected kidney may be necessary.
Prompt diagnosis and treatment are critical to prevent complications and preserve kidney function. If left untreated or if the infection spreads, ANP can lead to chronic kidney disease, renal failure, or death. Therefore, it is important to seek medical attention if symptoms of ANP are present.
