Acute Articular Rheumatism is a medical condition characterized by sudden inflammation and pain in the joints, often resulting from an autoimmune response triggered by a bacterial infection. The term "acute" refers to the rapid onset of symptoms, while "articular" pertains to the joints, and "rheumatism" denotes a general name for various disorders causing joint inflammation.
Acute Articular Rheumatism typically manifests with severe joint pain, swelling, and stiffness, primarily affecting the larger joints such as the knees, ankles, wrists, and elbows. The condition often follows an infection, most commonly caused by strains of bacteria known as Streptococcus, specifically following streptococcal throat infection or scarlet fever. The immune system's response to the bacterial infection may mistakenly target the joints, leading to the characteristic symptoms.
Diagnosis of Acute Articular Rheumatism is usually based on the presence of the classical symptoms along with a history of preceding infection and laboratory tests indicating inflammation. Treatment aims to relieve pain and reduce inflammation and may involve the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), corticosteroids, and other medications that suppress the immune response. Antibiotics may also be prescribed to eradicate the underlying infection.
If left untreated, Acute Articular Rheumatism can lead to complications such as joint damage, recurrent episodes of arthritis, and the development of a chronic condition known as rheumatic heart disease, which affects the heart valves. Therefore, early diagnosis and prompt treatment are vital for managing the condition effectively and preventing long-term complications.
