Acathectic jaundice is a medical condition characterized by the presence of yellowish discoloration of the skin and eyes, commonly known as jaundice, that occurs as a result of severe malnutrition or wasting. It is mainly observed in individuals who are terminally ill due to chronic diseases, such as advanced cancer or end-stage organ failure.
The term "acathectic" refers to a state of extreme emaciation and debilitation experienced by individuals suffering from severe malnutrition or cachexia. Jaundice, on the other hand, is caused by the accumulation of bilirubin, a yellow pigment that is a byproduct of the breakdown of red blood cells, in body tissues.
In acathectic jaundice, the body's ability to process and excrete bilirubin is impaired due to the compromised functioning of the liver caused by malnutrition and wasting. As a result, bilirubin builds up in the bloodstream and subsequently infiltrates the skin and eyes, manifesting as a yellow color.
Common symptoms associated with acathectic jaundice include yellowing of the skin and sclera, dark urine, pale stool, fatigue, and weakness. Treatment focuses on addressing the underlying cause, such as implementing nutritional support to improve the individual's general health and attempting to reverse the malnutrition. However, the prognosis for those affected by acathectic jaundice is often poor due to the advanced stage of the underlying disease.
