ACADEMIC ART Meaning and
Definition
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Academic art refers to a particular style and approach to art that adheres to the established principles and techniques endorsed by official art institutions, particularly those associated with academia. The term originated in the 19th century and was primarily associated with the European art academies, such as those in France. It signifies a traditional form of art education and practice that emphasized disciplined training, historical contexts, and technical mastery.
In academic art, the emphasis is placed on the depiction of realistic subjects, often based on classical and mythological themes. Artists are expected to adhere to certain standards set by academic institutions, which include mastering perspective, anatomical accuracy, and the use of light and shade. The style typically favors compositions that are balanced, harmonious, and meticulously finished.
Academic art is characterized by its conventional and conservative approach, primarily reflecting the ideals of the establishment. It often rejected experimentation and innovation, favoring timeless aesthetic values and classical ideals instead. This style gained prominence during the 19th century and flourished until the advent of modern art movements, such as Impressionism and Cubism, which challenged the academic traditions and norms.
The impact of academic art extended beyond the confines of art institutions, influencing public taste and even national exhibitions. It played a significant role in shaping the art world and can be seen as both a reflection of and contributor to the prevailing cultural and societal norms of its time.
Etymology of ACADEMIC ART
The word "academic" comes from the Latin term "academicus", which referred to a member of the Academy in ancient Athens, a philosophical school established by Plato. The Academy placed great importance on knowledge, learning, and intellectual pursuits. Over time, the term "academic" became associated with education and scholasticism.
In the context of art, "academic art" refers to the style and approach that was promoted and institutionalized by art academies in the 19th and early 20th centuries. These academies, such as the French Académie des Beaux-Arts, were major centers of art education and were influenced by neoclassical ideals and principles. Academic art in this sense emphasized classical techniques, polished execution, and adherence to established artistic conventions.
The term "academic art" was later coined to distinguish the more traditional, academic approach from the emerging avant-garde movements that challenged and departed from established artistic norms.
