Pronunciation: [ˈabə͡l ˈɒnkə͡ʊd͡ʒˌiːn] (IPA) 
The word "abl Oncogene" is pronounced as /æbl ˈɒŋkəˌdʒiːn/. The first syllable "abl" is pronounced with a short "a" sound and a "bl" consonant blend. The second syllable "onco" is pronounced with a long "o" sound and a "k" and "o" consonant blend. The final syllable "gene" is pronounced with a soft "g" sound and a long "e" sound. The spelling of this word is based on the phonetic sounds of its individual components.
The term "ABL oncogene" refers to a specific gene called ABL (Abelson murine leukemia viral oncogene homolog 1). A gene is a segment of DNA that contains instructions for the production of a particular protein or set of proteins. The ABL gene, typically found in humans, codes for a protein called Abelson tyrosine kinase.
The word "oncogene" is a combination of the Greek words "onco" (meaning tumor) and "gene." Oncogenes are genes that, when mutated or activated, have the potential to cause or contribute to the development of cancer. In the case of the ABL gene, a specific mutation known as the Philadelphia chromosome translocation (or Philadelphia chromosome fusion) occurs. This translocation results in the fusion of the ABL gene with another gene called BCR (breakpoint cluster region). The fused gene is known as BCR-ABL.
The BCR-ABL gene produces a hyperactive protein that is constantly turned on, causing uncontrolled cell growth and division. This abnormal cell growth can lead to the development of certain types of leukemia, particularly chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and a subset of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).
The discovery of the ABL oncogene and the subsequent development of targeted therapies, such as tyrosine kinase inhibitors, have revolutionized the treatment of CML and have significantly improved the prognosis for patients with this type of cancer.
The word "abl oncogene" is derived from the fusion of two different elements: "abl" and "oncogene".
1. Abl: The term "abl" refers to the Abelson tyrosine kinase, named after J. Michael Bishop's graduate student, Eleanor S. Abelson. The Abelson kinase was first discovered in 1976 as the transforming gene responsible for cancerous cell growth in mice, and it was named after Abelson for her contribution to the research.
2. Oncogene: The term "oncogene" is a combination of two Greek words, "onco" meaning "mass" or "tumor", and "gene" meaning "origin" or "birth". The concept of an oncogene emerged from the study of cancer genetics, where scientists found that certain genes could become mutated or amplified, leading to uncontrolled cell growth and the development of tumors.
