Zygomycosis is a rare and potentially life-threatening fungal infection caused by organisms belonging to the class Zygomycetes, primarily from the order Mucorales. It is also known as mucormycosis or phycomycosis. Zygomycetes are found worldwide in soil, decaying organic matter, and on plants. These fungi usually enter the human body through inhalation, ingestion, or direct skin contact.
Zygomycosis commonly affects individuals with compromised immune systems, such as those with uncontrolled diabetes, cancer, organ transplantation, or long-term corticosteroid usage. Of the different types, the rhinocerebral form is the most common, manifesting as a sinus and brain infection. Other forms can involve the lungs, skin, gastrointestinal tract, and other organs.
The symptoms of zygomycosis can vary depending on the site of infection but may include fever, headache, facial pain, nasal congestion, cough, skin lesions, abdominal pain, and others. Without prompt and appropriate treatment, the infection can progress rapidly and invade nearby tissues, leading to tissue death, organ damage, and possible dissemination throughout the body.
Diagnosis of zygomycosis often requires a combination of clinical findings, imaging studies, and laboratory tests to identify the characteristic fungal elements. Treatment typically involves a multi-faceted approach including antifungal medications, surgical removal of infected tissues, and management of underlying conditions. The optimization of immune function is crucial for successful outcomes.
Since zygomycosis is rare, prevention strategies focus on reducing exposure to the causative fungi, especially in high-risk individuals. This may involve maintaining good hygiene, avoiding contact with soil or contaminated surfaces, and minimizing immunosuppressive medications if possible. Education and awareness about risk factors
