Zooplanktons, also known as zooplankton, is a term used to describe small aquatic organisms that float in water. The word is pronounced /zoʊˈplæŋktən/ in IPA phonetic transcription. The spelling of the word is derived from two Greek words: "zoo" meaning animals and "plankton" meaning wanderer or drifter. The plural form of zooplankton is zooplankton or zooplanktons, depending on the context in which it is used. These tiny creatures are an essential part of the aquatic food chain and play a significant role in the marine ecosystem.
Zooplankton are microscopic animals that float or drift in aquatic environments, such as oceans, lakes, and rivers. This term refers to a diverse group of organisms that are unable to swim against currents and therefore rely on water movements to transport them. Zooplankton serve as a crucial link in aquatic food webs, as they are primary consumers that feed on phytoplankton (microscopic plants) and are then consumed by larger organisms like fish and whales.
The size of zooplankton can vary significantly, ranging from microscopically small organisms to larger species visible to the naked eye. They exhibit a wide range of forms, including crustaceans (such as copepods and krill), rotifers, jellyfish, and many larval forms of different marine animals. Due to their abundance and biological diversity, zooplankton play a significant role in the carbon cycle, transferring organic and inorganic matter throughout aquatic ecosystems.
Zooplankton occupy various ecological niches and display different feeding behaviors. Some filter particles from the water, while others are predators that actively capture prey. They also migrate vertically within water columns, traveling to different depths in response to light and temperature changes. The abundance and composition of zooplankton populations can be indicators of environmental health or changes in aquatic ecosystems, making them valuable for ecological monitoring and research.
The word "zooplankton" is derived from the combination of two Greek words: "zoo", meaning "animal", and "plankton", which comes from the Greek word "planktos", meaning "wandering" or "drifting". So, "zooplankton" literally translates to "drifting animals". This term is used to describe the diverse group of tiny aquatic organisms that are unable to swim against the current and instead drift or float in the water.