Zonotrichia is a genus of small to medium-sized passerine birds belonging to the family Passerellidae. The name "zonotrichia" is derived from Greek, where "zono" means "banded" or "belted", and "trichos" means "hair" or "plumage", referring to the distinct markings on the birds' feathers.
These birds are primarily found in North and Central America, inhabiting a wide range of wooded areas, including forests, thickets, shrubs, and brushlands. They have a rounded body shape and relatively short wings, which enable them to maneuver through dense vegetation. Zonotrichia species typically display a combination of brown, gray, and black plumage, with striking head patterns that often include bold black and white stripes.
Zonotrichia birds are known for their melodious songs, which are used for various purposes including communication, territorial defense, and attracting mates. They primarily feed on seeds, insects, and small arthropods. During the breeding season, they build cup-shaped nests in low vegetation, usually near the ground, to lay and incubate their eggs.
The most well-known species within the genus Zonotrichia is the white-crowned sparrow (Zonotrichia leucophrys), which is recognized by its striking black and white striped crown and a distinctive song. Other species include the white-throated sparrow (Zonotrichia albicollis) and the golden-crowned sparrow (Zonotrichia atricapilla), which display similar head patterns but differ in their overall coloration. These birds are highly adaptive and can be found in a wide variety of habitats, from grasslands to mountain
