The spelling of the word "yardarms" can be a bit confusing. The pronunciation, /ˈjɑːdɑːmz/, is the key to understanding its spelling. The first syllable is pronounced like "yard," similar to a unit of measurement. The second syllable is pronounced with a long "a" sound, as in "army." Finally, the "s" at the end is added to indicate that there are multiple yardarms. Yardarms are the horizontal bars on a ship's mast from which sails are hung.
Yardarms refer to the horizontal wooden or metal beams or spars that extend from the mast of a sailing ship and are used as support for sails. These yardarms are typically cross-shaped and protrude horizontally from each side of the mast, resembling the shape of a yardstick or a yard, which is where the term originates from.
Yardarms play a crucial role in the rigging of a sailing vessel by supporting and spreading the sails at various heights and angles. They enable the sails to catch and harness the wind's energy, propelling the ship forward. The yardarms are specifically designed to pivot and rotate around the mast, allowing the ship's crew to adjust the angle of the sails and optimize their performance depending on the wind's direction and strength.
In addition to their practical function, yardarms also have a ceremonial significance. To symbolize the death of a sailor at sea, it is a long-standing naval tradition to fly the ship's flags at half-mast and to "cross the yardarms" by lowering them until they point downwards, forming an inverted 'V' shape. This solemn ritual is performed during memorial services and acts as a sign of respect and honor to those lost.
Overall, yardarms are integral components of a ship's rigging system that provide vital support for the sails while also carrying symbolic meaning in maritime traditions.
The word "yardarms" comes from an older term called "yard", which referred to a long spar or pole used on sailing ships. The yardarms are the outer ends of the yard, where the sails are attached. The term "yard" can be traced back to the Old English word "gyrd", meaning a rod or staff.