"Yangban" is a term originating from the traditional Korean social hierarchy and is predominantly used to describe the aristocratic class during the Joseon Dynasty (1392-1897). In its literal sense, "yangban" translates to "two branches," reflecting the dual social roles and responsibilities assigned to this privileged class.
The term encompasses a range of meanings, referring to both the social status and the ethical values associated with the yangban class. Members of this elite group enjoyed inherited privileges, including land ownership, exemption from taxes, and access to high-ranking government positions. As such, they held great influence and power within Korean society.
Yangban were expected to uphold certain virtues, commonly encompassing academic excellence, moral integrity, and Confucian values. Education was highly valued, and yangban were required to pass rigorous civil service examinations to gain entry into administrative positions. They were also expected to exhibit humility, filial piety, and to be examples of virtuous behavior for the lower classes.
However, the yangban class was not without criticism. Some individuals within this social elite were accused of being corrupt, arrogant, and detached from the realities faced by the common people. This led to negative perceptions of yangban as a haughty and aloof aristocratic group.
Overall, "yangban" denotes a privileged and socially high-ranking group in Korean society, characterized by their inherited status, educational achievements, and adherence to Confucian values, albeit with varying perceptions of either virtue or arrogance depending on the individual.
