Xylocarpus is a genus of flowering plants that belongs to the family Meliaceae. It consists of approximately 10 known species of large evergreen trees commonly found in coastal regions of tropical and subtropical countries, primarily in Asia and Africa. The name "Xylocarpus" is derived from the Greek words "xylo," meaning wood, and "carpos," meaning fruit, referring to the woody nature of their distinctive fruit.
These trees have a unique adaptation that allows them to thrive in saltwater environments, such as mangroves and brackish swamps. They have buttress roots that provide stability in soft muddy soils and help anchor them in tidal areas. The leaves of Xylocarpus species are leathery with a glossy appearance, and their flowers are usually small, fragrant, and creamy in color.
One of the notable features of Xylocarpus trees is their fruit, known as xylocarps. Xylocarps are woody, boat-shaped structures that contain seeds within them. These fruits float on water due to their buoyant properties, which aids in their dispersal by water currents. Xylocarpus fruits are often green when unripe, turning brown or black when mature.
Xylocarpus species are of economic and ecological importance. They provide timber for construction and woodworking industries, as their wood is highly durable and resistant to water. Additionally, their roots and bark possess medicinal properties and are used in traditional medicine for various ailments. Furthermore, these trees play a crucial role in coastal ecosystems, contributing to shoreline protection, nutrient cycling, and providing habitat for numerous animal species.
In conclusion, Xylocarpus refers to a genus of coastal trees known for their saltwater adaptation, distinctive
