XANES stands for X-ray Absorption Near Edge Structure. It is a spectroscopic technique that analyzes the X-ray absorption spectrum to provide information about the electronic structure and oxidation state of atoms within a sample material. XANES is particularly used in the field of materials science and chemistry.
In XANES, a sample is exposed to a beam of X-rays, typically from a synchrotron radiation source. The X-rays have energies that are characteristic of specific elements. When these X-rays interact with the atoms in the sample, they are either absorbed or scattered. XANES focuses on the absorption process. The absorption spectrum is measured across a specific energy range, typically near the edges of the core electron levels of the atoms being studied.
The X-ray absorption of elements is influenced by their oxidation state, local atomic environment, and electronic structure. By examining the XANES spectrum, various information about the sample can be derived, such as the type and number of elements present, their chemical state, the local coordination of atoms, and even structural changes within the material.
XANES is a powerful tool in the analysis of a wide range of materials, including minerals, semiconductors, catalysts, and biological samples. It provides valuable insights into the electronic properties and chemical behavior of materials, aiding in the characterization, design, and optimization of various materials for applications in fields such as energy storage, catalysis, and environmental science.
