WORK HARDENING Meaning and
Definition
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Work hardening is a metallurgical process that strengthens and increases the hardness of a metal by subjecting it to plastic deformation. It is a common method used to improve the mechanical properties and durability of metals and alloys. Work hardening, also referred to as strain hardening or cold working, involves the permanent deformation of a material through various mechanical processes, such as bending, stretching, or compressing.
When a metal is subjected to deformation, dislocations or irregularities in the arrangement of its atomic structure are created. These dislocations act as obstacles for the movement of atoms, leading to increased resistance to further deformation. As a result, the metal becomes stronger and harder. This increased hardness and strength is achieved without altering the chemical composition of the metal.
Work hardening can be performed through various techniques, including rolling, forging, extrusion, or wire drawing. The process can be controlled to achieve desired levels of hardness and mechanical properties. While work hardening is predominantly used to enhance the strength of metals, it can also result in improved wear resistance, increased yield strength, and reduced ductility.
However, it is important to note that excessive work hardening can lead to brittleness and decreased toughness in a material. Therefore, proper understanding of the material's properties and appropriate control of the work hardening process are crucial to ensure the desired balance between strength and ductility.
Etymology of WORK HARDENING
The word "work hardening" has its origins in metallurgy and materials science. It is a compound term consisting of the words "work" and "hardening".
The word "work" in this context refers to the mechanical deformation or shaping of a material through processes such as cutting, grinding, bending, or forging. It is derived from the Old English word "weorc" which means "labor" or "task".
The term "hardening" refers to the increase in the strength and hardness of a material due to plastic deformation or strain. It comes from the Old English word "heardian" which means "to make hard or strong".
In the field of metallurgy, "work hardening" specifically refers to the strengthening of a metal through plastic deformation caused by processes such as rolling, hammering, or cold working.
