Wolff's periodic disease, also known as Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome (WPW), is a rare congenital heart condition characterized by an abnormal electrical pathway between the atria and ventricles of the heart. This condition is typically present at birth and is caused by an extra electrical pathway, known as an accessory pathway or bundle of Kent, that bypasses the normal pathway between the atria and ventricles.
The primary feature of Wolff's periodic disease is the presence of a characteristic electrocardiographic (ECG) pattern called a delta wave. This delta wave is an early activation of the ventricular myocardium as a result of the abnormal electrical pathway. It causes rapid conduction of electrical impulses, leading to a shortened PR interval on the ECG.
Individuals with Wolff's periodic disease may experience episodes of a rapid heart rate known as supraventricular tachycardia (SVT). These episodes can result in symptoms such as palpitations, dizziness, lightheadedness, chest pain, and fainting. In severe cases, SVT can lead to ventricular fibrillation, a life-threatening arrhythmia.
The diagnosis of Wolff's periodic disease is made through a combination of clinical history, physical examination, and ECG findings. Treatment options include medications to control heart rate and rhythm, radiofrequency ablation to destroy the abnormal pathway, and implantation of a pacemaker or cardiac defibrillator for individuals at high risk of life-threatening arrhythmias.
It is important for individuals with Wolff's periodic disease to receive ongoing monitoring and follow-up care from their healthcare provider to manage and minimize potential complications.
