Whole body irradiation refers to a medical procedure or treatment method in which the entire body is exposed to ionizing radiation. It is often used in the field of oncology as a preparatory treatment before hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), a procedure commonly used to treat certain types of cancers, primarily hematologic malignancies.
During whole body irradiation, the patient is positioned in a specialized machine called a linear accelerator or a cobalt-60 unit. This machine emits high-energy X-rays or gamma rays which are then directed towards the patient's body from multiple directions. The primary aim of this procedure is to destroy cancer cells throughout the body by damaging their DNA, thus preventing their proliferation. Additionally, it helps suppress the patient's immune system, which is vital for successful HSCT, as it reduces the risk of rejection.
The dosage and duration of whole body irradiation may vary depending on the specific cancer being treated and the patient's individual circumstances. The procedure is carefully planned and executed by a specialized team of radiation oncologists, physicists, and radiation therapists who closely monitor the patient before, during, and after the treatment to ensure optimal outcomes and minimize any potential side effects.
While whole body irradiation can be an effective component of cancer treatment, it may cause some side effects such as fatigue, nausea, skin reactions, and an increased risk of infections. These risks are carefully balanced against the potential benefits and are assessed on an individual basis. Overall, whole body irradiation plays a crucial role in the management and successful outcome of HSCT procedures, providing patients with a chance of remission and improved quality of life.
