The term "Wealden" refers to a geological and geographical feature found in southern England. It is an adjective derived from the noun "Weald," which represents a region and a geological formation that extends across parts of Kent, Surrey, Sussex, and Hampshire.
In terms of geology, the Wealden refers specifically to a terrestrial sedimentary sequence that was deposited during the Early Cretaceous period, approximately 140 to 125 million years ago. This deposit is characterized by layers of sandstones, clays, and shales, which were formed in terrestrial environments such as floodplains, rivers, and lakes. Fossils of plants, vertebrates, and invertebrates are prevalent in these sediments, providing significant insights into the ancient terrestrial ecosystems and climates of the region.
From a geographical standpoint, the Wealden encompasses the area of land that lies between the North and South Downs, forming a broad basin-like structure known as the Weald. This landscape is characterized by rolling hills, woodlands, and agricultural fields, with a few scattered villages and towns. Historically, the Weald has been known for its iron, fuller's earth, and timber resources, which have shaped the local economy and its cultural identity.
Overall, the term "Wealden" denotes both a specific geological sequence from the Early Cretaceous period and the region it occupies in southern England, representing a fascinating combination of geological and geographical features with significant historical and environmental importance.
