Vulgar Latin refers to the everyday form of Latin spoken by the common people in the Roman Empire. The spelling of the word "vulgar" is /ˈvʌlɡər/, with the first syllable pronounced like "hull" but without the "h" sound. The letter "u" is pronounced like the "uh" sound in "up", and the final syllable is pronounced like "gur" with a slight "uh" sound at the end. The spelling used for "Latin" is straightforward, using the letters "l" "a" "t" "i" and "n".
Vulgar Latin is the term used to describe the colloquial form of Latin language that emerged during the late Roman Empire, which was later transformed and evolved into the Romance languages. It refers to the everyday, spoken version of Latin that was used by the common people, in contrast to the more formal and literary written Latin used by the educated elite.
Vulgar Latin developed due to the diverse cultural and linguistic interactions within the Roman Empire. As the Roman Empire expanded, different dialects and accents of Latin started to emerge among the local populations who spoke various native languages. These linguistic differences contributed to the development of Vulgar Latin as a distinct variety of the language.
Despite sharing a basic grammatical structure and vocabulary with Classical Latin, Vulgar Latin gradually began to exhibit significant modifications. It incorporated features from other languages spoken within the empire, particularly local vernaculars and substratum languages. This process led to the formation of various Romance languages such as Italian, French, Spanish, Portuguese, Romanian, and others.
Vulgar Latin was a vital precursor to the Romance languages and played a crucial role in the linguistic and cultural evolution of Europe during the Middle Ages. Although not extensively documented compared to Classical Latin, knowledge about Vulgar Latin is gathered from inscriptions, writing samples, and other historical records. Understanding the development of Vulgar Latin provides valuable insights into the origins and structure of the Romance languages spoken today.
The word "Vulgar Latin" comes from the Latin term "vulgaris", which means "common" or "ordinary". In ancient Rome, the term "vulgaris" referred to the ordinary people or the common masses, as opposed to the ruling elite. As Latin evolved and developed into various regional dialects after the fall of the Western Roman Empire, the term "Vulgar Latin" came to be used to differentiate the common, everyday spoken language of the people from Classical Latin, which was the formal written language used in literature, administration, and education.