Volvulus is a medical condition characterized by the abnormal twisting or rotation of a portion of the intestine around itself, resulting in a blockage and impairment of blood flow. It commonly occurs in the gastrointestinal tract but can also affect other organs. The term "volvulus" is derived from the Latin word "volvere," meaning "to roll" or "to twist."
This condition usually arises when the intestine becomes anchored or fixed in an abnormal position, causing it to rotate around its mesentery (a fold of tissue that attaches the intestine to the abdominal wall). As a result, the twisted segment of the intestine becomes obstructed, preventing the normal flow of food, fluids, and gases.
Volvulus can occur at any age and presents with various symptoms, which may include severe abdominal pain, bloating, nausea, vomiting, constipation, and distension. In some cases, it can lead to severe complications such as intestinal perforation, bowel infarction (tissue death), or sepsis, which require immediate medical intervention.
Treatment for volvulus typically involves emergency surgery aimed at detorsion, or untwisting, the affected segment of the intestine and reestablishing its blood flow. In some cases, a section of the intestine may require removal if it has suffered irreversible damage. Following surgery, patients often need to be closely monitored for complications and may require a temporary colostomy or ileostomy to divert waste while the intestine heals.
Overall, volvulus is a potentially life-threatening condition that requires prompt medical attention and intervention to prevent serious consequences.
