VLA Differentiation Antigens, also known as Very Late Antigen Differentiation Antigens, refer to a group of cell surface proteins that play a significant role in cell adhesion and immune responses. These antigens are integral to the functioning of the immune system and are commonly found on the surface of various immune cells, including T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, and natural killer cells.
VLA Differentiation Antigens are glycoproteins that function as receptors for extracellular matrix proteins, such as fibronectin, laminin, and collagen. Their expression and activation are tightly regulated during various stages of immune cell differentiation and activation. These antigens are involved in cell adhesion processes, allowing immune cells to migrate and interact with other cells and tissues.
The VLA Differentiation Antigens are characterized by their heterodimeric structure, composed of an α subunit (integrin α chain) and a β subunit (integrin β chain). Different combinations of these subunits result in different types or subtypes of VLA antigens. Common examples include VLA-4 (α4β1), VLA-5 (α5β1), and VLA-6 (α6β1).
The presence of VLA Differentiation Antigens on immune cells enables them to attach to and migrate through various tissues and organs, facilitating immune responses such as antigen recognition, immune cell trafficking, and inflammation processes. Importantly, VLA antigens are also implicated in pathological conditions, including autoimmune diseases, cancer metastasis, and tissue remodeling. Therefore, modulation of VLA Differentiation Antigens and their interactions with extracellular matrix proteins have emerged as potential therapeutic targets in numerous diseases.
