Viperoidea is a taxonomic superfamily of venomous snakes that belongs to the suborder Serpentes, commonly known as vipers or viperids. The term Viperoidea is derived from the Latin word "vipera" which means "viper." This superfamily encompasses a diverse group of reptiles that share similar characteristics and evolutionary history.
Viperoidea is characterized by its unique venom delivery system, which includes retractable, hollow fangs located in the front of the upper jaw. These fangs can inject venom into their prey or any perceived threat. Venomous species within this superfamily possess venom glands that produce and store toxic substances used primarily for prey immobilization and defense.
These snakes are found in various regions worldwide, including Asia, Europe, Africa, and the Americas. Viperoidea species exhibit significant morphological variations, including differences in body size, coloration, and behavior. They often have a triangular-shaped head, stout bodies, and keeled scales, which provide them with enhanced camouflage and protection.
Vipers are predominantly terrestrial, although some species may inhabit trees or bodies of water. They exhibit diverse feeding habits, with most species being carnivorous and feeding on small mammals, birds, amphibians, and reptiles. Viperoidea plays an essential ecological role as both predators and prey within their respective ecosystems.
Due to their potent venom and defensive behaviors, vipers are generally considered dangerous to humans. Some notable species within Viperoidea include the rattlesnakes, adders, lanceheads, and bush vipers, among others. These snakes have adaptive abilities that have allowed them to thrive in various habitats and adapt to different climatic conditions.
