Vesicular stomatitis Indiana virus (VSIV) is a highly contagious virus that primarily affects horses, cattle, and pigs. It is a member of the family Rhabdoviridae and the genus Vesiculovirus. VSIV is characterized by the development of vesicular lesions on the mucous membranes of the mouth, lips, tongue, and teats, and occasionally on the feet, resulting in painful sores and blisters.
The virus is transmitted via direct contact with infected animals or through the exchange of contaminated materials such as feed, equipment, or by insect vectors such as sandflies and blackflies. VSIV can also be spread from mother to offspring through transplacental transmission.
The clinical signs of the disease include fever, lameness, excessive salivation, lethargy, and a reluctance to eat or drink. The vesicles often rupture, leading to the formation of ulcers, which can make eating and drinking extremely uncomfortable for affected animals. In severe cases, VSIV can cause weight loss, dehydration, and secondary bacterial infections, leading to further complications.
The presence of VSIV can have significant economic impacts, as infected animals may experience weight loss, reduced milk production, decreased fertility, and a decline in overall productivity. Moreover, the virus also poses a potential threat to human health, as it can cause flu-like symptoms in individuals who come into direct contact with infected animals or their secretions.
Control measures for VSIV include strict biosecurity protocols, quarantining of infected animals, vector control, and the use of vaccines in high-risk areas. Prompt diagnosis and reporting of suspected cases are crucial to contain the spread of the virus and implement appropriate preventive measures.
