Vertebration refers to the process or act of developing or acquiring a backbone or spinal column, which is a defining characteristic of vertebrate animals. It is the transformation or formation of the vertebral column, which consists of a series of separate bones called vertebrae. This process occurs during embryonic development in animals and results in the differentiation and arrangement of vertebrae along the dorsal side of the body.
The vertebral column serves several vital functions, including providing structural support, protection for the spinal cord, and facilitating movement. During vertebration, the notochord, a flexible rod-like structure, gradually transforms into vertebrae, which encase and protect the spinal cord and provide attachment points for muscles.
Vertebration is a complex process that involves the coordination of various genes, cell signaling pathways, and cellular rearrangements. It is a fundamental step in the development of most vertebrate animals, including fish, reptiles, birds, and mammals, and is thought to have evolved once during early chordate evolution.
In summary, vertebration is the process of developing a backbone or vertebral column during embryonic development. It is a critical aspect of vertebrate development and is responsible for providing structural support, protecting the spinal cord, and enabling movement.
