Pronunciation: [vˈɜːtɪbɹəz] (IPA) 
The correct spelling of the word "vertebras" is with an "s" at the end, not "vertebrae," which is often mistakenly used. The IPA phonetic transcription of the word is /ˈvɜːtɪbrəs/. The "br" sound in the middle of the word is spelled with a "b," not a "v," as the word is derived from the Latin vertebrum. The final "s" is used because it indicates the plural form of the word, meaning multiple bones in the spinal column.
Vertebras, also known as vertebrae, are a group of skeletal elements that make up the backbone or spinal column of vertebrate organisms. These structures are essential in providing support, protecting the spinal cord, and facilitating movement in higher animals, including mammals, reptiles, birds, and fish.
Each individual vertebra is a small, bony segment that connects with adjacent vertebrae to form a flexible and robust structure. In mammals, including humans, the vertebral column typically consists of a series of stacked vertebrae, forming distinct regions such as cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal regions.
The basic anatomy of a vertebra includes a bony body, which helps to carry the weight and stress exerted on the spinal column. From this body, extend various bony processes, such as spinous processes, transverse processes, and articular processes, which serve as attachment points for muscles and ligaments.
Between adjacent vertebrae lie intervertebral discs, composed of fibrocartilage, which act as shock absorbers and allow flexibility and movement in the spine. Additionally, the vertebral column protects and encloses the spinal cord, a crucial part of the central nervous system that transmits sensory and motor signals between the brain and the rest of the body.
The study of vertebras and their arrangements in different organisms is important in understanding the anatomical variations and functionalities associated with different species. Additionally, problems or abnormalities in the vertebrae, such as fractures, herniated discs, or scoliosis, can lead to serious health issues, and therefore, vertebral health is a crucial area of medical concern.
The word "vertebras" originates from the Latin word "vertebra", which means "joint" or "a joint in the spine". It is derived from the Latin verb "vertere", meaning "to turn" or "to bend". This is related to the bending nature of the backbone, which is made up of several jointed segments called vertebrae. Over time, "vertebra" in Latin evolved into "vertebres" in Late Latin and eventually became "vertebras" in English.
