Ventricular Septal Defects (VSDs) are a type of congenital heart defect characterized by an abnormal opening or hole in the wall that separates the two lower chambers of the heart, known as the ventricles. These defects allow blood to flow from the left ventricle (which pumps oxygenated blood) into the right ventricle (which pumps deoxygenated blood), resulting in a mixture of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood within the heart.
Ventricular Septal Defects can vary in size and location and may be referred to as small, moderate, or large defects, depending on the extent of the opening. Small defects may not cause significant symptoms and can sometimes close on their own over time. However, moderate to large VSDs can lead to significant complications and symptoms.
Symptoms of Ventricular Septal Defects may include difficulty breathing, poor weight gain, rapid breathing or panting, fatigue, excessive sweating, and frequent respiratory infections. If left untreated, individuals with moderate to large VSDs may develop complications such as pulmonary hypertension (high blood pressure in the lungs), heart failure, and an increased risk of developing endocarditis (infection of the heart's inner lining).
Treatment for Ventricular Septal Defects may involve surgical repair or catheter-based interventions to close the hole and redirect blood flow through the heart. The choice of treatment depends on factors such as the size, location, and severity of the defect, as well as the individual's age and overall health. With timely and appropriate intervention, the prognosis for individuals with VSDs is generally favorable, and most children with repaired defects go on to lead normal, healthy lives.
