Correct spelling for the English word "venins" is [vˈɛnɪnz], [vˈɛnɪnz], [v_ˈɛ_n_ɪ_n_z] (IPA phonetic alphabet).
Venins, also known as venoms, are toxic substances produced by certain animals, particularly reptiles, spiders, and some insects, as a defense mechanism or for hunting purposes. These substances are typically secreted or injected through specialized glands, usually located in the animal's mouth or stinger, and can cause a wide range of physiological effects in their targets, which may include other animals or humans.
Venins are composed of a complex mixture of proteins, enzymes, peptides, and toxins, each with their own specific properties and effects. Some of these components may act directly on the nervous system, causing paralysis or disrupting the transmission of nerve impulses. Others can affect the cardiovascular system, resulting in changes in blood pressure or the formation of blood clots. Additionally, venins often contain enzymes that may cause tissue damage or assist in the breakdown of cell membranes.
While venins are primarily designed to immobilize or kill prey, they can also have potent effects on humans if a bite or sting occurs. Symptoms of envenomation can vary widely based on the type of animal, the specific venom involved, and the individual's sensitivity and immune response. Common effects may include pain, swelling, redness, and blistering at the site of the bite, as well as systemic symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, dizziness, or difficulty breathing.
Due to their potential danger, the study of venins and venomous animals has practical applications in medicine, pharmacology, and toxinology. Researchers often investigate the components of venins to better understand their effects and to develop antivenoms or therapeutic drugs to counteract their toxic properties.