Venezuelan Equine Encephalomyelitis (VEE), also known as Venezuelan equine encephalitis, is a viral disease that primarily affects horses, but can also infect humans and other animals. It is caused by the Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis virus, a member of the Alphavirus genus, which is transmitted through the bites of infected mosquitoes.
In horses, VEE can range from mild illness with flu-like symptoms, such as fever, muscle aches, and weakness, to severe neurological disease characterized by inflammation and swelling of the brain and spinal cord. Infected horses may exhibit stumbling, head-pressing, circling, and may even become paralyzed or die. In humans, symptoms can be similar, including fever, headache, dizziness, and in severe cases, seizures or coma.
VEE is endemic to Central and South America, especially in rural and agricultural areas with high mosquito populations. Outbreaks in horses can also serve as a warning sign for potential human cases. While there is no specific treatment for VEE, supportive care can help alleviate symptoms and prevent complications. Vaccines are available for horses and have been effective in controlling the disease in livestock populations.
Due to the potential for severe disease, including mortality in horses, and the ability to infect humans, Venezuelan Equine Encephalomyelitis is considered a significant public health concern. Surveillance, mosquito control measures, and vaccination campaigns are crucial for preventing and managing outbreaks and reducing the risk of transmission to humans.
