Vatican City is an independent city-state enclaved within Rome, Italy. It is the spiritual and governing home of the Roman Catholic Church and is recognized as its own sovereign entity under international law. The name "Vatican City" is derived from the Vatican Hill, on which it is located.
Covering an area of approximately 44 hectares (110 acres), Vatican City is the smallest internationally recognized independent state in the world, both in terms of population and land area. As of 2021, it has a population of about 800 inhabitants, predominantly consisting of members of the clergy and papal officials.
Vatican City is surrounded by high walls and is known for its distinctive architectural marvels, including St. Peter's Basilica, the Sistine Chapel, and the Apostolic Palace, where the Pope resides. These iconic structures hold immense religious, cultural, and historical significance, attracting millions of visitors each year.
The jurisdiction of Vatican City extends beyond its physical borders. As the Holy See, it maintains diplomatic relations with numerous countries worldwide, participates in international organizations, and even possesses its own radio station, publishing house, and newspaper.
The Pope, as the head of the Catholic Church and sovereign of Vatican City, exercises governance over the state, with absolute legislative, executive, and judicial powers. Vatican City operates under an absolute monarchy form of government, with the Pope as its spiritual and temporal leader.
Overall, Vatican City represents the spiritual and administrative heart of the Roman Catholic Church, embodying centuries of rich history, priceless artwork, and profound religious significance.
