Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide (VIP) is a neuropeptide that functions as a neurotransmitter and neuromodulator in the human body. It is a 28-amino acid peptide that belongs to the secretin/glucagon superfamily of hormones. VIP is primarily produced by specialized cells in the gastrointestinal tract, but it is also present in various parts of the body, including the central nervous system.
VIP is known for its vasodilatory properties, meaning it helps to widen blood vessels, leading to increased blood flow. It also has bronchodilatory effects, helping to relax and widen the airways. Furthermore, VIP plays a crucial role in the regulation of various physiological processes, including exocrine and endocrine secretions, smooth muscle relaxation, and immune response.
In the digestive system, VIP stimulates the secretion of pancreatic enzymes and bicarbonate, promoting the absorption of nutrients. It also inhibits gastric acid secretion and the muscular contractions of the intestine. This peptide acts as a neurotransmitter in the central and peripheral nervous systems, affecting neuronal activity and synaptic transmission.
Clinical research has demonstrated the involvement of VIP in various conditions. Changes in VIP levels or function have been associated with diseases such as asthma, irritable bowel syndrome, pulmonary hypertension, and inflammatory bowel disease. Additionally, VIP has been investigated as a therapeutic target for certain disorders, including circulatory disorders and neurodegenerative diseases.
In summary, Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide is a neuropeptide involved in numerous physiological processes in the body, including vasodilation, bronchodilation, and regulation of secretions. It plays an essential role in the digestive system, central, and peripheral nervous systems.
