Vascular graft occlusion refers to the complete or partial blockage of a blood vessel or artificial conduit (graft) used to bypass or repair a diseased or damaged blood vessel. It occurs when the graft becomes obstructed, hindering or completely halting blood flow through the vessel.
A vascular graft is a surgically implanted tube that acts as an artificial conduit to bypass or replace a blocked or diseased blood vessel. These grafts can be made of synthetic materials (such as polytetrafluoroethylene) or harvested from the patient's own veins or arteries (autografts). They are used in various surgical procedures, including coronary artery bypass grafts, peripheral arterial bypasses, and arteriovenous fistulae in dialysis patients.
Vascular graft occlusion can occur due to various factors, such as the formation of blood clots (thrombosis), buildup of fatty deposits (atherosclerosis), inflammation, infection, or mechanical issues like kinking or twisting of the graft. The occlusion leads to a disruption in blood flow, depriving the target tissue or organs of oxygen and nutrients, potentially resulting in serious complications and organ dysfunction.
Symptoms of vascular graft occlusion depend on the location and extent of the blockage, but can include pain, numbness, coolness, or color changes in the affected limb, wound complications, or signs of organ dysfunction. Prompt diagnosis and treatment are crucial to restore blood flow and prevent further damage. Treatment options may include surgical revision or graft replacement, thrombolytic therapy to dissolve blood clots, or angioplasty with stent placement to restore blood flow.
