Variant angina pectoris, also known as Prinzmetal's angina or vasospastic angina, is a form of angina pectoris, which is a type of chest pain caused by reduced blood flow to the heart. Unlike other types of angina that are typically triggered by physical exertion or emotional stress, variant angina occurs spontaneously and is usually associated with temporary narrowing or spasm (vasospasm) of the coronary arteries.
Variant angina is characterized by its unpredictable nature, often occurring during rest or sleep, and can be extremely painful. The spasm of the coronary arteries causes a temporary reduction in blood supply to the heart, leading to chest pain, tightness, and discomfort. This pain can radiate to the left arm or jaw, mimicking the symptoms of a heart attack.
The exact cause of variant angina is still not fully understood, but it is thought to be related to abnormal constriction of the smooth muscles in the walls of the coronary arteries. Risk factors for developing variant angina include smoking, high blood pressure, high cholesterol levels, and a history of heart disease or vasospasm.
Treatment for variant angina aims to prevent or reduce the frequency and severity of the episodes. Medications such as calcium channel blockers and nitroglycerin are commonly prescribed to relax the coronary arteries and relieve the symptoms. Lifestyle modifications, such as quitting smoking, maintaining a healthy diet, and engaging in regular exercise, are also crucial in managing the condition.
Prompt medical attention is necessary if someone experiences chest pain or discomfort, as variant angina can increase the risk of more serious heart conditions, including heart attack and sudden cardiac death.
