Valvular heart disease refers to a condition characterized by abnormalities in the functioning of the heart valves, which are responsible for regulating blood flow within the heart. The heart valves are composed of flaps or leaflets that open and close to allow blood to flow in one direction and prevent it from flowing backward.
When a person has valvular heart disease, one or more of these valves may be affected. This can lead to a disruption in the normal blood flow, causing symptoms such as chest pain, shortness of breath, fatigue, and dizziness.
There are various types of valvular heart diseases, including stenosis, regurgitation, and prolapse. Stenosis occurs when the valve becomes narrowed or restricted, obstructing blood flow. Regurgitation, on the other hand, happens when the valve fails to close properly, leading to blood leakage. Prolapse refers to the condition where the valve leaflets bulge back into the heart's chambers.
Causes of valvular heart disease can vary, including congenital defects, infections, degeneration of the valves due to aging, or conditions like rheumatic fever. Diagnosis of this condition typically involves a physical examination, medical history review, and imaging tests such as echocardiography.
Treatment options for valvular heart disease depend on the severity and underlying cause of the disease. Medications may be prescribed to manage symptoms, but in some cases, surgical intervention such as valve repair or replacement may be necessary to restore normal heart function. Regular medical follow-up is essential to monitor the disease progression and manage any complications that may arise.
