VALENTINIANISM Meaning and
Definition
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Valentinianism refers to a Gnostic Christian religious movement that emerged in the second century AD, founded by Valentinus, a teacher and theologian. Valentinianism is considered one of the major branches of Gnosticism. It developed complex cosmological and theological beliefs that combined elements from various philosophical and religious traditions of the time.
Valentinianism posited a dualistic view of reality, emphasizing the contrast between the spiritual realm, which they believed to be the realm of light and truth, and the material world, regarded as filled with ignorance and darkness. It taught that the divine spark or "pneuma" is trapped within the physical body, and the goal of human existence is to liberate this divine spark and return it to its original divine realm.
A distinct feature of Valentinianism was its focus on the role of knowledge or "gnosis" in achieving spiritual salvation. Valentinians believed that salvation is attained by acquiring secret knowledge about one's true nature and relationship to the divine. This knowledge was believed to be passed down through a series of divine emanations or Aeons.
Valentinianism also believed in the existence of a supreme, unknowable God referred to as "Bythos" or the "Deep." According to their cosmology, this supreme God emanated various Aeons, divine beings with specific attributes and characteristics. The last of these Aeons, Sophia or Wisdom, played a central role in the Valentinian mythos.
Despite its influence and popularity in certain regions during its time, Valentinianism eventually dwindled and disappeared as orthodox Christianity became dominant. Nevertheless, its teachings and ideas have had a lasting impact on religious and philosophical thought, and it remains an important subject of study for scholars interested in ancient Christianity.
Etymology of VALENTINIANISM
The term "Valentinianism" derives from the name Valentinus, the founder of the religious movement known as Valentinian Gnosticism. Valentinus was a second-century Christian theologian and philosopher, originally from Egypt, who developed a unique interpretation of Christianity. His teachings, known as Valentinianism, became influential in certain Christian communities during that time.
Valentinianism itself comes from the Latin word "Valentinianus", meaning "pertaining to Valentinus". It is worth noting that the term "Valentinian" has also been used to refer to various individuals named Valentine. However, in the context of religious doctrine, it specifically refers to the beliefs and teachings associated with Valentinus.
