VALENCE ELECTRONS Meaning and
Definition
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Valence electrons are the electrons found in the outermost energy level or shell of an atom, also known as the valence shell. These electrons are involved in chemical bonding as they determine the atom's ability to form chemical bonds with other atoms. The number of valence electrons directly impacts an atom's reactivity and the type of chemical compounds it can form.
Valence electrons are crucial in determining an atom's stability and reactivity. Atoms with a full valence shell, typically consisting of eight electrons, are considered stable and less likely to form chemical bonds. These atoms are often referred to as inert or noble gases because they have little tendency to interact with other atoms. On the other hand, atoms with incomplete valence shells, such as metals and nonmetals, are highly reactive and tend to form chemical bonds to attain a full valence shell.
The number of valence electrons is determined by the position of an atom in the periodic table. For example, elements in the same group or column of the periodic table often have similar valence electron configurations. This similarities in electron configuration allow scientists to predict certain chemical properties and reactivity within the periodic table.
The knowledge of valence electrons is fundamental in understanding chemical reactions and the formation of chemical compounds. It plays a significant role in various branches of chemistry, such as chemical bonding, molecular structure, and predicting the behavior of elements in different chemical reactions.
Etymology of VALENCE ELECTRONS
The word "valence" is derived from the Latin word "valentia", which means "strength" or "capacity". The term was originally introduced by American chemist Gilbert N. Lewis in the early 20th century to describe the combining power of an atom.
The term "electrons" is derived from the Greek word "ēlektron", which means "amber". The ancient Greeks observed that amber, when rubbed, attracts lightweight particles. The phenomenon was later attributed to the presence of static electricity, and the term "electron" was coined to describe the particles involved in this phenomenon.
Therefore, the term "valence electrons" refers to the electrons located in the outermost energy level or shell of an atom, which determine its chemical behavior and ability to form bonds with other atoms.
