UTILITARIANISM Meaning and
Definition
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Utilitarianism is a philosophical theory and ethical approach that emphasizes the overall good or utility produced by an action as the primary basis for moral evaluation. It posits that moral actions are those that maximize happiness and well-being for the greatest number of people. The fundamental principle of utilitarianism is known as the Principle of Utility, which states that an action is morally right if it produces the greatest amount of happiness or pleasure and the least amount of suffering or pain for the majority.
Utilitarians believe that the consequences of actions are of utmost importance. They focus on the overall net happiness or utility derived from an action, rather than considering individual or personal preferences. The theory promotes the idea of impartiality, treating the happiness of every sentient being as equally valuable and consequential.
This ethical theory also embraces the concept of the greatest happiness principle. It argues that one should act in a way that maximizes the overall happiness of all sentient beings affected by the action. Consequentialism plays a crucial role in utilitarianism, as it assesses actions solely based on their outcomes rather than intentions or motives.
Critics argue that utilitarianism can lead to potential issues such as the sacrifice of individual rights and freedoms in the pursuit of aggregate happiness. They also raise concerns about the impracticality of accurately calculating and comparing the happiness or utility of different individuals.
Overall, utilitarianism offers a consequentialist approach to moral decision-making, focusing on the consequences and outcomes of actions in order to promote the greatest overall happiness or utility.
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The doctrine which makes utility the sole standard of good for man, or of moral conduct; the doctrine that "the greatest happiness of the greatest number" should be the end and aim of society in its social and political institutions.
Etymological and pronouncing dictionary of the English language. By Stormonth, James, Phelp, P. H. Published 1874.
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Etymology of UTILITARIANISM
The word "utilitarianism" originated from the term "utility", which in turn derives from the Latin word "utilitas" meaning "usefulness" or "advantage". The term was first introduced by Jeremy Bentham, an influential English philosopher and legal theorist, in the late 18th century. Bentham developed the moral theory of utilitarianism, which suggests that the right course of action is the one that maximizes overall happiness or utility for the greatest number of people. The word "utilitarianism" itself was coined in the early 19th century to describe the ethical doctrine and philosophy Bentham had put forth.
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