Uterine inversion is a rare medical condition that occurs in women, characterized by the turning inside out of the uterus. It happens when the uterus collapses or inverts into itself, with the top part retracting downward into the uterine cavity. This reversal of the uterus can be partial or complete, and usually occurs immediately after childbirth, particularly during the third stage of labor where the placenta is expelled.
Uterine inversion can be classified into three categories: incomplete, where the uterine fundus remains within the vagina; partial, where the fundus protrudes through the cervix; and complete, where the entire uterus is inverted outside the vagina. This severe condition can be life-threatening and needs immediate medical attention.
The primary cause of uterine inversion is excessive traction on the umbilical cord during delivery. Factors that increase the risk of uterine inversion include rapid or precipitate labor, abnormal placental adherence, multiple pregnancies, previous deliveries, and uterine relaxation.
Symptoms of uterine inversion may include severe abdominal pain, vaginal bleeding, a protruding mass outside the vagina, hypovolemic shock, and signs of hemorrhage. Prompt diagnosis and treatment are crucial to prevent severe complications such as hemorrhage, blood clots, infection, and even maternal death. Treatment options include manual repositioning of the uterus, administration of medications to relax the uterus, and in severe cases, surgical intervention like a hysterectomy may be necessary.
Overall, uterine inversion is a medical emergency that requires immediate intervention to prevent life-threatening consequences and ensure the well-being of the affected woman.
