Usovite is a rare, complex mineral belonging to the perovskite group. It is named after the Ust’ovaara deposit in the Kola Peninsula, Russia, where it was first discovered. Usovite is characterized by its unique chemical composition and crystal structure.
Chemically, usovite is a calcium-lead-bismuth vanadate oxide mineral with the formula Ca4Pb3Bi8(VO4)9O10. It typically forms as small, opaque, and prismatic crystals that are usually green to brown in color. The mineral has a relatively high density and hardness, making it a valuable specimen for collectors.
The crystal structure of usovite is intricate and exhibits a perovskite-like arrangement. It consists of alternating layers of corner-sharing VO4 tetrahedra and PbO6 octahedra, with the calcium and bismuth atoms occupying the perovskite-like cavities. This unique structure contributes to usovite's distinctive physical and optical properties.
Due to its rarity, usovite does not have any significant industrial applications. However, its distinctive crystal form and vibrant color make it an interesting mineral for mineralogists and collectors. Usovite is typically found in association with other rare phosphate and vanadate minerals in hydrothermal veins and tin-bismuth deposits.
In summary, usovite is a rare calcium-lead-bismuth vanadate oxide mineral that is prized for its unique crystal structure and beautiful color. While it has limited practical applications, it is highly sought after by mineral enthusiasts and collectors.
