A urinary tract infection (UTI) is a bacterial infection that occurs in any part of the urinary system, which includes the kidneys, bladder, ureters, and urethra. It is a common condition, particularly in women, and is caused by bacteria entering and multiplying within the urinary tract.
The symptoms of a urinary tract infection may vary depending on which part of the urinary system is affected, but common signs include a strong, persistent urge to urinate, a burning sensation during urination, passing small amounts of urine frequently, cloudy or strong-smelling urine, and pelvic pain.
Urinary tract infections can occur when bacteria from the digestive tract, typically Escherichia coli (E. coli), enter the urethra and travel up into the bladder. From there, the bacteria can ascend to the kidneys, causing a more severe infection. Factors that increase the risk of UTIs include female anatomy, sexual activity, the use of certain types of birth control, menopause, urinary tract abnormalities, and weakened immune system.
If left untreated, urinary tract infections can lead to more serious complications, such as kidney infections and sepsis, which can be life-threatening. Diagnosis is typically made through a urine sample analysis, and treatment commonly involves a course of antibiotics to eliminate the bacteria causing the infection.
Preventive measures for urinary tract infections include drinking plenty of fluids, urinating regularly, wiping from front to back after using the toilet, avoiding irritating feminine products, practicing safe sex, and maintaining good personal hygiene.
