Urethra cancers refer to a rare form of cancer that affects the urethra, a tube-like structure that carries urine from the bladder to the external urinary opening. The urethra is divided into two main parts: the proximal or upper urethra, which runs within the pelvis, and the distal or lower urethra, which extends from the pelvic floor to the external opening. Urethra cancers can occur in either of these regions.
Urethral cancers typically develop when abnormal and uncontrolled cell growth arises in the cells lining the urethra. There are several types of urethral cancers, including squamous cell carcinoma, transitional cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, and small cell carcinoma. Squamous cell carcinoma is the most common type and usually occurs in the proximal urethra, whereas transitional cell carcinoma primarily affects the distal urethra.
The exact causes of urethra cancers remain unclear, but certain risk factors have been identified. These include a history of bladder or urinary tract infections, tobacco smoking, exposure to certain chemicals, chronic inflammation of the urethra, and rare genetic conditions.
Symptoms of urethra cancers may include blood in the urine, painful urination, urinary frequency or urgency, weak urine flow, pelvic pain, and palpable lumps or masses around the urethral region. The diagnosis of urethra cancers involves various tests, such as imaging studies, cystoscopy, and biopsy, to determine the extent and type of the cancer.
Treatment options for urethra cancers depend on the stage, location, and type of cancer, as well as the overall health of the individual. They may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or a combination of these. Additionally, supportive
