Urban heat island refers to the phenomenon in which an urban or metropolitan area experiences higher temperatures compared to its surrounding rural or non-urban areas. It is characterized by a significant and persistent heat difference between the city and the countryside. This heat disparity arises due to various factors associated with urbanization.
Urban heat islands are primarily attributed to the alteration of natural surfaces and the replacement of vegetation with buildings, asphalt, concrete, and other impermeable materials. These surfaces absorb and retain heat from the sun, leading to increased temperatures. Additionally, the presence of extensive human activities, such as industrial processes, transportation, and energy consumption, further contributes to the heat buildup in cities.
The effect of urban heat islands can be substantial, resulting in elevated temperatures during both day and night. This impact can worsen heat waves and increase the frequency of heat-related illnesses and deaths. Moreover, the increased temperature gradient caused by urban heat islands can influence weather patterns, leading to altered wind patterns and affecting the formation and movement of clouds and precipitation.
Mitigation strategies to counteract urban heat islands include implementing urban greening projects, promoting the use of reflective or cool materials in construction, incorporating green roofs and vegetation in urban design, and creating green spaces and cooling centers for public use. By utilizing such techniques, cities can reduce the heat island effect, improve air quality, and enhance the overall urban climate resilience.
