The United States Congress refers to the national legislative body of the United States of America. Established by the Constitution in 1789, it is a bicameral institution composed of two chambers – the House of Representatives and the Senate.
The House of Representatives is comprised of 435 members, known as Representatives or Congressmen, who are elected by the American public for two-year terms. The number of representatives from each state is determined by its population. In this chamber, legislation related to taxation, budget, and the initiation of bills must begin.
The Senate represents the states more equally, with two Senators from each state, totaling 100 Senators. Unlike the House of Representatives, Senators serve for six-year terms, with one-third of the seats up for election every two years. The Senate plays an important role in confirming presidential appointments to key positions, such as Supreme Court justices or cabinet members. Additionally, the Senate holds the power to ratify treaties negotiated by the President.
Together, the House of Representatives and the Senate work towards the legislative process, which involves proposing, debating, amending, and passing laws. Both chambers must generally pass a bill before it becomes law, which then requires approval from the President to take effect. The Congress also plays a crucial role in oversight and investigation of the executive branch, ensuring accountability and adherence to the Constitution and law.
The United States Congress, as the legislative branch of the federal government, represents the diverse interests and concerns of the American people, reflecting the principles of democracy and the separation of powers.
