Unipolar depression, also known as Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), is a mental health condition characterized by a persistent and pervasive feeling of sadness, low mood, or loss of interest in usual activities. It is a mood disorder that affects the individual's emotional, psychological, and physical well-being.
In unipolar depression, individuals experience prolonged periods of sadness that may last for weeks, months, or even years, without the presence of episodes of mania or hypomania. It is essential to note that unipolar depression is different from bipolar disorder, which involves alternating episodes of mania and depression.
Symptoms of unipolar depression can vary among individuals but commonly include feelings of hopelessness, worthlessness, guilt, and a lack of energy or motivation. Other symptoms may include changes in appetite and weight, insomnia or excessive sleepiness, difficulty concentrating, impaired decision-making, and recurring thoughts of death or suicide.
The exact causes of unipolar depression are not fully understood, as it is thought to result from a complex interplay of biological, genetic, psychological, and environmental factors. While it can affect people of any age, gender, or background, it is more prevalent among women and those with a family history of depression.
Treatment for unipolar depression often involves a combination of psychotherapy, medication, and lifestyle changes. Psychotherapy, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), aims to help individuals identify and modify negative thought patterns and behaviors. Medications, such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), may be prescribed to regulate brain chemicals associated with mood. Additionally, adopting a healthy lifestyle, including regular exercise, a balanced diet, and adequate sleep, can provide a supportive foundation for managing unipolar depression.
