The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) was a federal socialist state that existed from 1922 to 1991. It was composed of multiple distinct regional republics, with Russia being the largest and most influential. The USSR was established as a result of the Russian Revolution and the subsequent overthrow of the Russian Provisional Government.
The USSR followed the principles of Marxism-Leninism, a political ideology derived from the writings of Karl Marx and Vladimir Lenin. The union aimed at building a classless society where the means of production were collectively owned and controlled by the workers. The USSR adopted a centralized economic model, with state planning being the main mechanism for resource allocation.
The Soviet Union played a significant role in global politics during the 20th century, becoming a superpower and engaging in an ideological struggle with the United States known as the Cold War. It had a planned economy, a strong military, and a centralized political system dominated by the Communist Party.
The dissolution of the USSR occurred in 1991, primarily due to political and economic factors. The constituent republics of the union, driven by growing nationalism and a desire for more autonomy, gradually declared independence, leading to the dissolution of the centralized Soviet state. This event marked the end of the Soviet era and the emergence of newly independent nations in its place.